Hair strength comes from three types of bonds inside the strand: disulfide bonds (the strongest, broken by bleach and chemical services), hydrogen bonds (broken by water and heat, but they reform), and salt/ionic bonds (affected by pH). There's also the polypeptide chain — the protein backbone of the hair strand itself.
When hair is heavily processed — bleached, coloured, permed, relaxed — disulfide bonds break and don't reform on their own. That's what causes the characteristic feel of chemically damaged hair: the brittleness, the snapping, the loss of elasticity. Vancouver's combination of high humidity and heavy seasonal rain means that even moderate chemical processing compounds over time in ways that don't happen in drier climates.
Bond builders were developed to do what conditioners cannot: restore structural integrity from inside the cortex, not just coat the surface.